Understanding だれか (dareka): A Streetwise JLPT N5 Grammar Guide

あの やろう は なにか かくしている。
Ano yarou wa nanika kakushiteiru.
That bastard is hiding something.

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We gon’ break down this grammar point that’s all about how we talk about folks and things. You know, like, is there someone at the door? Or maybe there’s no one there? This is how you handle that, Japanese style.

The grammar we talkin’ bout is -か and -も. They the main players when you tryna figure out if something is something or nothing. It’s all about that question and answer flow, ya dig?

When you add -か to a question word like だれ (who) or なに (what), it turns it into someone or something. It’s like you’re peeking around the corner, not sure who or what you’re gonna find. It’s got that “I don’t know who” kind of vibe.

But when you add -も to a question word and slap a negative verb on the end, it means no one or nothing. Think about it like a dead end. You walk down the alley, and there’s no one there. The street is empty. It’s final. No ifs, ands, or buts.

And if you wanna talk about everyone or everything, you still use -も, but you gotta use a positive verb. It’s like when the whole crew shows up for the shakedown. Everyone is here, and we’re ready for business. It’s complete, a full house.


This is how you get it straight, G. Check the table.

Someone/SomethingNo one/NothingEveryone/Everything
Who (だれ / dare)だれか (dareka)だれも~ない (daremo~nai)だれも (daremo)
What (なに / nani)なにか (nanika)なにも~ない (nanimo~nai)なんでも (nanidemo)
Where (どこ / doko)どこか (dokoka)どこも~ない (dokomo~nai)どこも (dokomo)

Think of it like this: -か is like a question mark emoji. You ain’t sure, so you ask. -も is like a red check mark. It’s definite. When it’s paired with a negative verb, it’s a big “nope.” When it’s paired with a positive verb, it’s a big “yep, it’s all there.”


This ain’t for your average bookworm, this is for the real ones.

くみ の じむしょ (Kumi no Jimusho)

English: The office of a gangster organization.

Yo, you got a crew, right? Well, that crew’s gotta have a spot where they handle their business, where the boss calls the shots, and where the paper gets counted. It ain’t no regular office with cubicles and water coolers. This is where the real Gs do their thing. Think of that backroom in “Goodfellas” where they’re havin’ meetings and choppin’ it up. That’s what this word is for.


そうこ (Souko)

English: Warehouse; storage facility.

Every operation needs a spot to stash their goods. Maybe it’s a place to keep the whips, or where you’re holdin’ product before it hits the streets. It’s a big, empty space, perfect for keepin’ things on the low. A warehouse, you know? Like the one from “Reservoir Dogs” where they’re all trippin’ after the heist went left.


うらぎる (Uragiru)

English: To betray; to turn on someone.

Trust is everything in this life. But sometimes, people ain’t who they seem. When a dude you thought was your ace starts talkin’ to the other side or snitchin’ on the crew, that’s betrayal. It’s when your own man turns his back on you for his own gain. It’s a move you don’t come back from. Like when Frank Lucas’s own cousin, Huey, started dealin’ behind his back in “American Gangster.”


きずつける (Kizutsukeru)

English: To hurt; to injure; to wound.

You cross the line, you gotta pay the price. This word ain’t just about gettin’ a scrape or a bruise. It’s about when things get real serious. When someone gets popped or put in the hospital because they didn’t respect the game. It’s the kind of damage that sends a message.


いも を ひく (Imo o Hiku)

English: To get cold feet; to chicken out.

You’re about to make a move, and everyone’s ready to go. But then one dude starts lookin’ all shook, gettin’ nervous, and decides he can’t go through with it. He pulls out at the last second. That’s what this is. He loses his nerve, you know? Like when that dude tried to run from his fate in the movie “Paid in Full.” You gotta have the heart for this life, or you’ll get left behind.


Aight, check it. Peep these sentences and see how we use this grammar in the streets.

ボス は だれか と はなしている。
Bosu wa dareka to hanashiteiru.
The boss is talking to someone.

だれも この けん に ついて なにも しらない。
Daremo kono ken ni tsuite nanimo shiranai.
No one knows anything about this matter.

どこにも くみ の じむしょ が みあたらない。
Dokonimo kumi no jimusho ga miataranai.
The gang office is nowhere to be found.

だれか に かね を わたした。
Dareka ni kane o watashita.
I gave money to someone.

だれも ボス を とめられない。
Daremo bosu o tomerarenai.
No one can stop the boss.

だれか が うらぎった。
Dareka ga uragitta.
Someone betrayed us.

この そうこ には なにもない。
Kono souko ni wa nanimo nai.
There is nothing in this warehouse.

だれも カタギ を きずつけない。
Daremo katagi o kizutsukenai.
No one will hurt a civilian.

こんや の けいかく を だれか に はなしたか?
Kon’ya no keikaku o dareka ni hanashita ka?
Did you talk to someone about tonight’s plan?

だれも いも を ひかない。
Daremo imo o hikanai.
No one is chickening out.


Aight, that’s the lowdown. Now you know how to talk about who’s doin’ what and where. Stay sharp, and don’t get it twisted.

Word.

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