火事かじの場合ばあいは、まず現金げんきんと宝石ほうせきを運はこべ。
In case of fire, move the cash and jewels first.

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Read the explanation below to understand the nuance of how this grammar structure is used.

Yo, straight up, ～場合ばあいは (baai wa) means “in the event of” or “in case…”

This ain’t your simple “if” like ～たら which is just like, “If I see him, I’ll tell him.” Whatever.

～場合ばあいは is more serious. It’s about a specific situation or contingency. You’re setting up a rule or a plan for a problem that might happen. It’s like when the boss says, “In case our enamies makes a move, you know what to do.” You’re preparin’ for a specific scenario, usually one that needs a specific response. It’s more formal, more official. It’s the “just in case” clause in your street contract.

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You use this joint when you’re layin’ down the law or givin’ serious instructions. Think about the rules of the hustle. It’s all about preparation and consequences. You see it on signs, in rulebooks, and when your boss is tellin’ you the plan so you don’t screw it up

Using this with present tense and past tense can get a little tricky though, because in English we usually just keep everying in present tense. It’s a small change, but it’s all about timing. Pay attention.

The Breakdown: suru vs. shita

Straight up, the difference is about whether the action is done or not yet.

• Dictionary Form + ～場合ばあいは (e.g., する場合ばあいは – suru baai wa) This is for a potential situation. The action hasn’t happened yet, or it’s a general rule. You use this when you’re talking about “In the event you are going to…” or “In case you find yourself…” It’s the plan before or during the event. It’s still a hypothetical.
• Past Tense (た-form) + ～場合ばあいは (e.g., した場合ばあいは – shita baai wa) This is for after the action is complete. You’re talkin’ about the result. The thing has already happened, and now you’re sayin’ what to do. It’s the “In the event that you have already…” or “Now that you’ve done…” scenario. It’s the aftermath.

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Think about it like this. You owe some money, right?

1. Dictionary Form (遅おくれる場合 – okureru baai wa): This is you, before the due date, thinkin’ ahead. “In the event I’m going to be late (okureru baai wa) with the cash, I’ll call the boss in advance.” The lateness hasn’t happened, but you see it comin’. It’s a potential problem.
2. Past Tense (遅おくれた場合 – okureta baai wa): This is the boss layin’ down the law. “In the event you were late (okureta baai wa) — meaning the due date passed and you messed up — the interest doubles.” The action (being late) is done. It’s a completed fact, and now there’s a consequence.

Most of the time, especially when givin’ instructions for emergencies (like “if you get caught,” “if you lose the money”), you’ll use the Past Tense (た-form). Why? Because you’re giving the instruction for after the bad thing has already happened.

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Read the table below then use it to conjugate some words you know.

Here’s how you hook this grammar up. It’s dead simple.

Type	How to Connect	Example	English
Verb (Plain)	Dictionary Form + 場合ばあいは	失敗しっぱいする 場合ばあいは	In the event you fail…
Verb (Past)	Past Tense (た-form) + 場合ばあいは	失敗しっぱいした 場合ばあいは	In the event you failed…
い-Adjective	い-Adjective + 場合ばあいは	危あぶない 場合ばあいは	In the event it’s dangerous…
な-Adjective	な-Adjective + な + 場合ばあいは	危険きけんな 場合ばあいは	In the event it’s dangerous…
Noun	Noun + の + 場合ばあいは	警察けいさつの 場合ばあいは	In the case of the police…

Look, it ain’t complicated. You’re just connecting this phrase to the condition. For verbs, you stick it right on the plain form (like iku) or the plain past (like itta). For Nouns, you gotta put that の (no) in between, like you’re showin’ possession. For な-adjectives, don’t you dare forget the な (na). For い-adjectives, just mash ’em together. You’re just setting up the specific scenario before you say what action to take.

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Listen to and repeat the sentences below.

弾たまがない場合ばあいは、素手すでで戦たたかうしかない。
If you have no bullets, you just gotta fight with your bare hands.

怪あやしい人ひとがいる場合ばあいは、すぐに知しらせてください。
If there’s a suspicious person, please inform us at once.

目撃もくげき者しゃがいる場合ばあいは、口止くちどめ料りょうを払はらえ。
If there’s a witness, pay the hush money.

支払しはらいが遅おくれた場合ばあいは、利息りそくが３倍ばいになるぞ。
If the payment is late, the interest triples, ya hear?

助たすけが必要ひつような場合ばあいは、この赤あかいボタンを押おせ。
In the event you need help, push this red button.

拳銃けんじゅうが壊こわれた場合ばあいは、ナイフを使つかえ。
In case your gun doesn’t work, use a knife.

金庫きんこの番号ばんごうを忘わすれた場合ばあいは、ボスに殴なぐられるぞ。
If you forget the safe combination, you’re gonna get punched by the boss.

取引とりひきが失敗しっぱいした場合ばあいは、すぐに連絡れんらくしてくれ。
If the deal fails, contact me right away.

スパイを見みつけた場合ばあいは、静しずかに処理しょりしろ。
In the event you find the snitch, “handle” him quietly.

捕つかまった場合ばあいは、何なにも話はなすな。
In case you get caught, don’t say anything.

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Class dismissed.