Understanding や (ya): A Streetwise JLPT N5 Grammar Guide

かれ は けんか おかね が すきだ。
kare wa kenka ya okane ga sukida.
He likes fighting, money, etc.

Category: ,

You see, when you use , you ain’t listing every single thing. It’s like you’re just givin’ a taste of what’s in the mix. The speaker ain’t trying to lay it all out. It’s like they’re sayin’, “Yeah, we got this, and this, and a bunch of other stuff, too.” It leaves the door open, lettin’ the listener know there’s more to the story. Think of it like this: if you got a crew, and you say, “We got big Joe and little Mike,” that’s the whole crew. But if you say, “We got big Joe little Mike,” it means you got them two and a whole bunch of other homies you ain’t even mentionin’. It’s slick, it’s subtle, and it lets people know you ain’t showin’ all your cards.


This ain’t no complex operation, my friend. It’s smooth and simple, just like a drive-by. You just gotta stick the ‘ya’ particle right after the nouns you wanna mention.

Conjugation
Noun 1 や Noun 2
e.g. けんじゅう や かたな
kenjyuu ya katana
guns and swords (among other things)

You just gotta take your nouns and connect ’em with the ‘ya’ particle. It’s that easy. No need to mess with the form of the noun or nothin’. Just slap ‘ya’ on the end of the first noun and you’re good to go. Then you can add a ‘など’ (nado) to the end of the list to really drive home the point that there are more things. It means “and so on.”


Imagine you’re the boss of a crew, and you’re tellin’ your new recruit who’s in charge of what. You don’t wanna spill all the beans and list off every single one of your soldiers, right? You just gonna name a few key players to give ’em the picture. You’d say, “Frankie Vinny, they’re the ones runnin’ the protection racket.” You don’t need to name all the other enforcers. The new guy gets the point: Frankie and Vinny are the main guys, and there are other cats helpin’ ’em out. It’s a way of sayin’, “Here’s a sample of the crew, but trust me, we got more muscle where that came from.”


Peep this new vocab, you’ll need it out there.

しめる (Shimeru)

English: To beat up; to discipline.

When you talkin’ about “shimeru,” you ain’t talkin’ ’bout no love tap. This is when you gotta lay down the law, physically. You know, when some cat steps out of line, breaks a rule, or runs his mouth too much, you gotta put that fool in check. You ain’t tryna kill him, you just tryna send a message. It’s like how they handle things on the street—it’s a warning shot, a lesson in respect.


ころしや (Koroshiya)

English: Hired assassin; hitman; professional killer.

This word is for a cat who don’t play. A straight-up professional. We talkin’ ’bout a dude who gets a contract, a price on someone’s head, and handles his business without gettin’ caught. He ain’t doin’ it for revenge; he’s in it for the paper. Think of all them dudes in them action flicks, the ones who pop up outta nowhere and make bodies disappear. That’s a koroshiya.


さぎし (Sagishi)

English: Swindler; con man; fraudster.

A sagishi is a smooth-talkin’ cat who ain’t afraid to play you for a fool. He’s the one who promises you the world, tells you he got a plan to get rich quick, but really, he’s just tryna get his hands on your money. He works with his mind, not his fists. He’s always on the lookout for a mark to hustle, makin’ them believe in somethin’ that ain’t real.


いのち を かける (Inochi o Kakeru)

English: To risk one’s life; to bet one’s life.

This ain’t for the faint of heart. This is when you go all in, bettin’ your whole life on the outcome. It’s that moment right before a big score, a standoff with the cops, or a final battle where you know it’s either freedom or the grave. When you say inochi o kakeru, you’re puttin’ it all on the line with no comin’ back.


ちかかくとうぎ (Chika Kakutōgi)

English: Underground fighting.

You heard of fight clubs, right? That’s what this is. When the lights go down and the doors lock, cats get together in basements, warehouses, or abandoned spots to throw down for real. There are no rules, no refs, and the only thing on the line is pride and maybe a fat stack of cash. This is the rawest form of battle. It’s gritty, it’s brutal, and it ain’t for the squeamish.


We gon’ practice this with some real talk, so listen up.

おれ は けんじゅう や かたな を つかうのが とくいだ。
Ore wa kenjuu ya katana o tsukau no ga tokui da.
I am good at using handguns and swords.

おれたち の ひみつ は てつ や こんくりーと の なかに かくされている。
Oretachi no himitsu wa tetsu ya konkuriito no naka ni kakusareteiru.
Our secrets are hidden inside steel and concrete.

なわばり に は さかば や かじの が たくさん ある。
Nawabari ni wa sakaba ya kajino ga takusan aru.
There are a lot of bars and casinos in our territory.

あいつ は やくざ や まふぃあ に しゃっきん が あるらしい。
Aitsu wa yakuza ya mafia ni shakkin ga arurashii.
It seems like that dude owes money to the yakuza and the mafia.

おれたち の しのぎ は やみとりひき や ちかかくとうぎ だOretachi no shinogi wa yamitorihiki ya chikakakutougi da.
Our hustle is black market deals and underground fighting.

なかま や かぞく を まもる ために、 いのち を かける。Nakama ya kazoku o mamoru tame ni, inochi o kakeru.
I will bet my life to protect my homies and family.

もし しっぱい したら、 おれ が おとしまえ を つける。
Moshi shippai shitara, ore ga otoshimae o tsukeru.
If we fail, I will take responsibility for it.

あいつ は けんか や ぬすみ が すきな わるいやつ だ。
Aitsu wa kenka ya nusumi ga suki na warui yatsu da.
That guy is a bad dude who likes to fight and steal.

おれ の ぶか は ゆうしゅうな ころしや や さぎし ばかりだ。
Ore no buka wa yuushuu na koroshiya ya sagishi bakarida.
My men are all excellent hitmen and con artists.

やつ は かね や くすり を わたさなかったから、 しめる。
Yatsu wa kane ya kusuri o watasanakatta kara, shimeru.
He didn’t hand over the money and drugs, so we’re gonna beat him up.


Now you know the deal. Stay safe out there, and don’t be a mark. Peace.

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